What are compression stockings?
Compression stockings are a type of specialized hosiery that are designed to promote blood and fluid circulation by applying a level of graduated or non-graduated pressure on the lymphatic system of the torso, thigh, legs and ankles and feet.
These specialized stockings compress the surface veins, arteries and muscles which forces the flow of blood and fluids through narrower circulatory channels. As a result, arterial pressure is increased which causes more blood and fluids to return to the heart.
Unlike conventional stockings or hose, compression stockings are made of a significantly denser elastic material that delivers a range of compression levels.
Compression stockings are available in a variety of lengths: maternity pantyhose, regular pantyhose, thigh-high and knee-high.
Depending on their compression levels, thigh-high graduated compression stockings are available in fashionable patterns and colors, while non-graduated compression stockings are typically available in white or beige only.
Types of compression stockings
There are two types compression stockings: graduated and anti-embolism.
Graduated compression stockings deliver the tightest pressure at the ankle and gradually become less constrictive up the leg while anti-embolism, often referred to as TED hose, a brand name, delivers an equal amount of pressure the full length of the stocking, which is typically knee-high.
Hospitals use a generic type of anti-embolism, or TED, compression hose, which are white in color. Because they are thinner than commercial grade compression stockings, their elasticity generally last up to two weeks after which they should be replaced with a new pair.
Both graduated and non-gradient compression stockings may be purchased over-the-counter with or without a doctor’s prescription depending on the compression level and what is being treated. They may also be custom-made for one or both legs which requires a physician’s prescription.
The elasticity of custom-made ant-embolism compression stockings will generally last anywhere from 9 months to a year, while over-the-counter will last around three months, depending on the amount of use and care.
Commonly used terms
- Anti-embolism – Worn when non-ambulatory or post-surgical to help prevent pooling of blood in the legs that could lead to a venous thrombosis.
- Custom-made compression stockings – Uniquely made for a specific individual’s leg size.
- Flat Knit – Stockings made with a seam that can be constructed in virtually any shape or size. Most often used in higher compression classes.
- Lymphedema stockings – Used to manage edema resulting from the onset of Lymphedema
- Over-the-counter compression stockings – mild compression stockings that are sold without a physician’s prescription.
